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Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz
Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, also known under his literary pseudonym Eleuter (20 February 1894 – 2 March 1980), was a Polish poet, essayist, dramatist and writer. He is mostly recognized for his literary achievements in poetry before World War II, but also criticized as a long-term political opportunist in communist Poland, actively participating in the slander of Czesław Miłosz and other expatriates. He was removed from school textbooks by the new liberal regime in the early nineties.
== Biography ==
Iwaszkiewicz was born in Kalnik in Kiev Governorate (now in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine). After the death of his father (an accountant), he and his mother lived in Warsaw between 1902–1904, and then moved back to Ukraine in 1904–1912. He graduated from a secondary school in Kiev in 1912 and enrolled at the Law Faculty of Kiev University. In 1914 he travelled in Sicily and North Africa with his friend and distant cousin, the composer Karol Szymanowski, for whose opera ''King Roger'' he later provided the libretto. After World War I, in October 1918 he returned to Warsaw. There, he joined a group of local artists who had started ''Pro Arte et Studio'' arts magazine. Iwaszkiewicz with Julian Tuwim and Antoni Słonimski co-founded the ''Skamander'' group of experimental poets in 1919.
In 1922 he married Anna Lilpop (1897-1979), a daughter of a wealthy entrepreneur, and the couple settled in Podkowa Leśna in the suburb of Warsaw. In 1928 they moved to a newly built house that Iwaszkiewicz named Stawisko. Maciej Rataj, the Speaker of the Lower Chamber of the Polish Parliament (Sejm) appointed him to be his secretary. Iwaszkiewicz worked for a magazine called "Wiadomości Literackie" and also published his works in numerous periodicals like "Gazeta Polska" (1934–1938) and "Ateneum" (1938–1939). Later he was a secretary to the Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts (Towarzystwo Zachęty Sztuk Pięknych), and a member of the Polish PEN Club. The Foreign Ministry first appointed him the head of the art promotion section and later sent him as a secretary to Copenhagen (1932-1925) and Brussels (1935–1936). He was a member of ''Związek Zawodowy Literatów Polskich'' (ZZLP, The Trade Union of Polish Writers) and in 1939 voted its vice-president.
As a novelist he wrote ''Sława i Chwała'' (''Glory and Vainglory'') - a saga depicting a panorama of the life of Polish intelligentsia in years 1914-1947 and a few other novels but is most highly regarded for his short stories. He was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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